ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CELLULAR BASE STATIONS

Abstract

Energy efficiency is one of the main problems of telecommunication networks, the 
importance of which is increasing due to the more widespread implementation of network 
equipment and, as a consequence, the increase in the energy consumption. According to the 
experts of the International Telecommunication Union, the energy efficiency of the fifth
generation communication networks, in comparison with the fourth-generation networks 
deployed today, should be increased by at least two orders. The provision of this require
ment is associated, first of all, with cellular base stations, since the main share of energy 
consumption in telecommunication networks falls on them. 
This paper presents the key components of the energy efficiency of cellular base sta
tions, and also analyzes the influence of the parameters of the base stations on their energy 
efficiency. 
The main energy efficiency metrics for base stations are Energy Consumption Ratio 
(   
), Energy Efficiency (  ), Area Power Consumption (   
ciency (   
). The more    
cient the base station is. 
and    
, as well as less     
and    
) and Area Energy Effi
, the more energy effi
Base station energy efficiency metrics are determined by three components: data rate, 
coverage area and base station power consumption. In turn, these components depend on 
multiple and interrelated base station parameters. Ensuring high energy efficiency is possi
ble by the optimal choice of the values of the transmit power and the maximum range of the 
base station, as well as the bandwidth and the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio. Another way 
to increase the energy efficiency of cellular base stations is to use "multiple input multiple 
output" (MIMO) technology.