WAYS TO IMPROVE THE TECHNOLOGY OF BLASTING OPERATIONS IN QUARRIES OF A MULTIBLOCK STRUCTURE

Abstract

The preparation of non-metallicrocksusedfor the production of crushed stone forexcavation in aquarry using an explosivemethodnecessitates a reduction in the yield of over-groundandoversizedfractions,whichis the mainconditionforreducing the cost of marketableproducts. It is provedthat the blockiness(fracturing) of the mountainrangeis the mainnaturalfactorinfluencingtheyield of substandardfractions. It has been establishedthatwhenremovingledgesof a multiblock structure with continuousboreholecharges, the specificconsumption of explosives(explosives), dependingon the size of the individualand the nature of theirlocationalong the height of the ledge, will notbecome an influencingfactorin the destructionprocess.Such a factorin exploding in large-blockarrayscanbe the magnitude of the pressurepulse of the explosionproductswith an increase in the duration of itsimpactoncrushingbyforming a chargestructureusing low-explosiveexplosives of reduceddiameter(with a correspondingchange in the size of the boreholegrid).

A new design of borehole explosive charges is proposed, consisting of a mixture of industrial explosives and expanded polystyrene granules, which helps to reduce the over-grinding zone. Depending on the natural (strength characteristics of rocks, blockiness and acoustic rigidity of the array), technological (charge diameter), and energy (explosive type) factors, the parameters of explosive charge placement and the optimal size of the face are determined, allowing the explosion energy to be evenly distributed over the rock mass. New methods for controlling the energy of an explosive charge on multiblock arrays are proposed, which make it possible to increase the use of explosion energy to increase the radius of the crushing zone in the face zone and reduce the radius of the over-crushing zone near the explosive charge.